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Hardware wallets

Hardware wallets are a textbook case of isolating a signing key from a hostile host. This area looks at them purely as security engineering: seed generation, secure elements versus general-purpose microcontrollers, trusted displays, supply-chain attacks and backup design. No investment advice.

  • Secure element
  • BIP-39
  • Air-gap

Guides in this topic

  1. How hardware wallets protect keys: the security model

    A security-engineering look at hardware wallets: seed generation, secure elements versus microcontrollers, trusted displays, air-gapped signing, supply-chain attacks and backup design.